If there are too many or too few neutrons for a given number of protons, the resulting nucleus is not stable and it undergoes radioactive decay. As a result, as the number of protons increases, an increasing ratio of neutrons to protons is needed to form a stable nucleus. Neutrons stabilize the nucleus, because they attract each other and protons, which helps offset the electrical repulsion between protons. There are only certain combinations of neutrons and protons, which forms stable nuclei. These two forces compete, leading to various stability of nuclei. The neutron has a mean square radius of about 0.8×10−15 m, or 0.8 fm, and it is a spin-½ fermion.Ītomic nuclei consist of protons and neutrons, which attract each other through the nuclear force, while protons repel each other via the electric force due to their positive charge. It has no electric charge and a rest mass equal to 1.67493 × 10−27 kg-marginally greater than that of the proton but nearly 1839 times greater than that of the electron. In the universe, neutrons are abundant, making up more than half of all visible matter. Mercury-204 is composed of 80 protons, 124 neutrons, and 80 electrons.Ī neutron is one of the subatomic particles that make up matter. Mercury-202 is composed of 80 protons, 122 neutrons, and 80 electrons. Mercury-201 is composed of 80 protons, 121 neutrons, and 80 electrons. Mercury-200 is composed of 80 protons, 120 neutrons, and 80 electrons. Mercury-199 is composed of 80 protons, 119 neutrons, and 80 electrons. Mercury-198 is composed of 80 protons, 118 neutrons, and 80 electrons. Mercury-196 is composed of 80 protons, 116 neutrons, and 80 electrons. 202Hg is the most common isotope, having a natural abundance of approximately 29%. Mass numbers of typical isotopes of Mercury are 198-202. Isotopes are nuclides that have the same atomic number and are therefore the same element, but differ in the number of neutrons. The difference between the neutron number and the atomic number is known as the neutron excess: D = N – Z = A – 2Z.įor stable elements, there is usually a variety of stable isotopes. Neutron number plus atomic number equals atomic mass number: N+Z=A. The total number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called the neutron number of the atom and is given the symbol N. The total electrical charge of the nucleus is therefore +Ze, where e (elementary charge) equals to 1,602 x 10 -19 coulombs. Total number of protons in the nucleus is called the atomic number of the atom and is given the symbol Z. Mercury is a chemical element with atomic number 80 which means there are 80 protons in its nucleus.
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